Ovotesticular Difference of Sexual Development

View a glossary of key terms and definitions commonly used in discussions about sex development. 

What is Ovotesticular Difference of Sexual Development?

Ovotesticular Difference of Sexual Development (DSD) is a condition in which an individual is born with both ovarian and testicular tissue in their body. This unique biological composition may present in various forms, such as having an ovary on one side of the body and a testicle on the other, or possessing gonads known as "ovotestes" containing both ovarian and testicular tissue within the same structure.

What Causes Ovotesticular Difference of Sexual Development?

While specific genetic causes can sometimes be identified, the exact cause of ovotesticular DSD remains uncertain in many cases.

How is Ovotesticular Difference of Sexual Development Diagnosed?

Diagnosis often occurs at birth or shortly thereafter when atypical or nonbinary genitalia are noticed. Diagnostic procedures typically involve:

• Chromosome tests (karyotype) which may reveal patterns such as 46,XX or 46,XY.
• Hormone tests to assess the functionality of ovarian and testicular tissue.
• Imaging techniques like ultrasound or MRI to visualize gonads and their positioning. In some cases, exploratory surgery may be necessary for a direct examination.

How is Ovotesticular Difference of Sexual Development Treated?

Treatment strategies for ovotesticular DSD may include:

• Hormone supplementation, such as estrogen or testosterone, tailored to the individual's specific needs.
• Surgical interventions on the external genitalia, though these are rarely urgent and are approached on a case-by-case basis.
• Psychological support, which may include counseling and support services for individuals and families navigating the challenges associated with ovotesticular DSD.

Individualized care plans are crucial, taking into account the physical, psychological, and social aspects of the individual's health and well-being.

Living with ovotesticular DSD may present unique challenges, but with proper medical care and support, individuals can lead fulfilling lives. It's essential for healthcare providers to offer comprehensive and compassionate care, addressing both the medical aspects and the individual's emotional and social needs.