Hypocalcemia

What Is Hypocalcemia?

Hypocalcemia is a condition that occurs when the levels of calcium in your blood are too low. Calcium is an element that is typically stored in bones, and it is responsible for many bodily functions; including how the heart functions, how bones are built, how muscles squeeze and relax, and how nerves can send signals all over the body. In hypocalcemia, some of these roles can be affected.

What Causes Hypocalcemia?

The body regulates calcium levels by producing parathyroid hormone or vitamin D, which act on the intestines, kidneys, and bones to maintain balance. Hypocalcemia can result from imbalances in this system, such as insufficient parathyroid hormone (hypoparathyroidism), low vitamin D (rickets), or kidney issues. It may also stem from dietary restrictions, genetic conditions, severe infections (sepsis), liver disease, pancreatitis, or low magnesium levels.

What Are Signs & Symptoms of Hypocalcemia?

Each person may experience different signs and symptoms. These signs and symptoms can include:  

• Muscle cramps
• Muscle twitches or spasms  
• Irritability  
• Confusion
• Tingling in lips, tongue, hands, and/or feet
• Difficulty breathing  
• Abnormal heart rhythms
• Seizures 

How Is Hypocalcemia Diagnosed?

A blood test can confirm low calcium levels. Additional tests, such as those for magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone, may help identify the cause. Urine tests can measure calcium levels, while x-rays and electrocardiograms may be used to check for complications of hypocalcemia.

How Is Hypocalcemia Treated?

For mild hypocalcemia, patients can take oral calcium supplements, with blood tests used to monitor their levels. Severe cases require hospitalization, where calcium is administered intravenously (IV). Depending on the underlying cause, additional treatments like vitamin D supplements may also be prescribed.

What Are the Long-Term Effects of Hypocalcemia?  

Hypocalcemia requires treatment, as untreated cases can cause recurring symptoms that may become life-threatening.