Hypercalcemia

What Is Hypercalcemia?

Hypercalcemia is a condition that occurs when the levels of calcium in your blood are too high.

Calcium is an element that is typically stored in bones, and it is responsible for many bodily functions. Calcium impacts how the heart functions, how bones are built, how muscles squeeze and relax, and how nerves can send signals all over the body. In hypercalcemia, some of these roles can be affected. 

What Causes Hypercalcemia? 

The body regulates calcium levels using parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, which act on the intestines, kidneys, and bones. Hypercalcemia can result from excessive parathyroid hormone (hyperparathyroidism), increased bone breakdown, genetic conditions, immobilization, cancer, kidney disease, or dietary factors like a ketogenic diet or excess calcium or vitamin D.

What Are Signs & Symptoms of Hypercalcemia?

Each person may experience different signs and symptoms. These signs and symptoms can include:

• Abdominal pain
• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Muscle aches
• Nausea or vomiting
• Irritability
• Headaches
• Constipation
• Kidney pain

How Is Hypercalcemia Diagnosed?

A blood test can detect high calcium levels. Additional tests, such as measuring magnesium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone, may identify the cause. Urine tests can check calcium levels, and imaging like bone x-rays, parathyroid scans, or kidney ultrasounds may also be used. 

How Is Hypercalcemia Treated?

Mild hypercalcemia can be treated by increasing water intake and reducing dietary calcium and vitamin D. Severe cases require hospitalization, where IV fluids are administered. Depending on the cause and severity, IV bisphosphonates may be used to halt bone breakdown.

What Are the Long-Term Effects of Hypercalcemia?

The long-term effects depend on the cause of the patient’s hypercalcemia; but could include kidney stones and dehydration.