BPD Problems |
Sub-Specialty Team(s) |
Difficulties with nutrition and growth |
Nutrition team/Dieticians |
Poor bone heath and risk of fractures |
Nutrition team/Dieticians |
Liver and intestinal problems |
Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Rehabilitation teams, Pediatric Surgery |
Developmental delays, mobility issues, sensory issues, cognitive issues |
Therapy services (Physical, Occupational, Speech, Developmental therapists), Neurology, NICU Follow Up Clinic (after discharge) |
Hearing difficulties |
Audiology, Otolaryngology/ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) team |
Vision problems |
Ophthalmology |
Dysphagia (difficulty drinking or eating by mouth) and the need for feeding tube support |
Speech Therapy, Pediatric Surgery, ENT |
Reflux |
Speech Therapy |
Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lung’s blood vessels) |
Pulmonary Hypertension, Cardiology |
High blood pressure |
Kidney and/or Cardiology |
Other heart problems, including a persistent PDA (patent ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel near the heart that typically closes shortly after birth but may stay open in preterm babies) |
Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery, Interventional Cardiology |
Overinflated lungs, “blebs” |
Neonatology, Pulmonology |
Airway problems – palate issues, vocal cord problems, trachea (windpipe) narrowing, malacia (floppy airways, large or small) |
ENT |
Need for tracheostomy and chronic ventilation |
ENT, Pulmonary Habilitation Program, Pediatric ICU, Neonatology |
Long-term use of medications for pain and sedation and risk of withdrawal from these medications; complex decisions |
Palliative Care |
Very long ICU stay |
Complex Care Program, Case Management, Social Work |
Blood clots |
Hematology |
More frequent or more severe colds and respiratory infections |
Pediatricians, Pulmonology |
Childhood asthma, wheezing |
Pediatricians, Pulmonology |